Plant Commodity Import Approval Process

• APHIS prepares a draft risk assessment or pest list based on the information provided by the NPPO and other available scientific and technical information. Subject matter experts, producers, academics, and scientists in the United States and other countries may be consulted during this process.
• The time needed to draft a risk assessment may vary due to a variety of circumstances such as the topic's complexity, access to information and number of stakeholders who need to be consulted.

When we complete a draft risk assessment or plant pest list, it undergoes internal agency review. We may make changes to the risk assessment or pest list based on this internal review.

• APHIS posts the draft risk assessments or pest lists for plant and plant product commodity import requests on the Stakeholder Risk Assessment Consultation page for a 30-day stakeholder review period.
• Then, the documents go to a formal country consultation process, in which APHIS asks an exporting country for input on the U.S. assessment and proposed mitigations.
• Once the NPPO sends feedback and later approves our risk assessment or pest list and mitigation options, we will prepare the risk management document.

After completing both stakeholder and country consultations, APHIS will draft a risk management document. This document describes specific measures to mitigate the risk posed by each pest listed and prevent the introduction and establishment of the pest(s) in the United States. For each measure, we indicate the reason it was selected and give evidence that it is effective and supported by scientific and technical information.

After completing the risk analysis process, APHIS initiates the regulatory administrative process (rulemaking). This process begins when we publish an initial notice or proposed rule in the Federal Register to announce that a risk assessment, pest list, risk management document, and supporting environmental documentation are available for public comment. We use notices for fruits and vegetables and plants for planting. We publish proposed rules for all other plants and plant products.

The effective date of the final notice or rule is the date the commodity is authorized for importation into the United States under the described phytosanitary import requirements. Please note that the country of origin may need to meet or establish certain requirements before we allow imports of that commodity into the United States. Until such requirements are established, the commodity will not be allowed entry.